श्रीभगवानुवाच |
काम्यानां कर्मणां न्यासं सन्न्यासं कवयो विदु: |
सर्वकर्मफलत्यागं प्राहुस्त्यागं विचक्षणा: || 2||
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha
kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ sannyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ
sarva-karma-phala-tyāgaṁ prāhus tyāgaṁ vichakṣhaṇāḥ
śhrī-bhagavān uvācha—the Supreme Divine Personality said; kāmyānām—desireful; karmaṇām—of actions; nyāsam—giving up; sanyāsam—renunciation of actions; kavayaḥ—the learned; viduḥ—to understand; sarva—all; karma-phala—fruits of actions; tyāgam—renunciation of desires for enjoying the fruits of actions; prāhuḥ—declare; tyāgam—renunciation of desires for enjoying the fruits of actions; vichakṣhaṇāḥ—the wise
Translation:
The Blessed Lord Said : (O Arjuna !) the sages understand Sannyasa, as the renunciation of all desireful actions: the learned declare tyaga as the abandoning of fruits of all works.
Commentary:
The Gita defines Sannyasa as the renunciation of desireful actions; and not, going into forests and mountain caves in search of some unknown thing. The man who renounces actions prompted by personal desire for enjoyment is practically a sannyasi, though he lives with his wife and children as a householder. Similarly, the man who abandons the fruits of actions is a Tyagi whatever may be his social position.
Swami Vivekananda Says —
Swamiji: … No freedom without renunciation. Highest love for God can never be achieved without renunciation. Renunciation is the word — “नान्य: पन्था विद्यते अयनाय — There’s no other way than this.” Even the Gita says, “The sages know sannyasa to be the giving up of all work that has desire for its end.” Nobody attains freedom without shaking off the coils of worldly worries. The very fact that somebody lives the worldly life proves that he is tied down to it as the bondslave of some craving or other. Why otherwise will he cling to that life at all? He is the slave either of lust or of gold, of position or of fame, of learning or of scholarship. It is only after freeing oneself from all this thraldom that one can get on along the way of freedom. Let people argue as loud as they please, I have got this conviction that unless all these bonds are given up, unless the monastic life is embraced, none is going to be saved, no attainment of brahma-jnana is possible.
Disciple: Do you mean, sir, that merely taking up sannyasa will lead one to the goal?
Swamiji: Whether the goal is attained or not is not the point before us now. But until you get out of this wheel of samsara, until the slavery of desire is shaken off, you can’t attain either bhakti or mukti. To the knower of Brahman, supernatural powers or prosperity are mere trivialities.[Source]
Question: What is Sannyasa?
Answer: Renunciation of all desireful actions is Sannyasa.
Question: What is Tyaga?
Answer: Abandoning the fruits of all works is Tyaga.